High-Purity & Ultrapure Water Systems

Ordinary treated water still contains dissolved salts, organics, particles, bacteria and endotoxins. High-purity water removes them to the level a process demands: conductivity below 1.3 µS/cm and TOC below 500 ppb for pharmaceutical purified water (USP / IP / EP / WHO), 18.2 MΩ·cm resistivity for electronics and analytical laboratories, silica below 20 ppb and sodium below 5 ppb for high-pressure boiler feed.

These systems are designed as a chain — pre-treatment, primary demineralisation, polishing and distribution — where each stage protects the next and the storage-and-distribution loop keeps the water at quality until the point of use. Materials, velocities, dead legs, sanitisation method and instrumentation matter as much as the membranes and resins.

KK Enviro Engineers designs and builds high-purity water systems from 500 L/h laboratory packages to 100 m³/h plant utilities, with documentation (URS, DQ, FAT/SAT protocols, IQ/OQ support) suited to regulated industries.

1. Pre-treatmentMultimedia or ultrafiltration, softening or antiscalant, activated carbon or sodium metabisulphite for chlorine removal, 5 µm and 1 µm cartridge filters — protects the RO membranes.
2. Primary demineralisation — ROSingle or two-pass reverse osmosis removes 97–99 % of dissolved salts, organics and bacteria; hot-water-sanitisable membranes for pharma.
3. Membrane degassingRemoves dissolved CO₂ so the polishing stage is not overloaded and conductivity targets are met.
4. Polishing — EDI or mixed bedElectrodeionisation gives continuous 0.1 µS/cm water without regeneration chemicals; mixed-bed ion exchange for the last polish to 18.2 MΩ·cm.
5. UV and TOC reduction254 nm UV for disinfection, 185 nm UV for organics destruction; ozone for storage-tank sanitisation.
6. Ultrafiltration / final filtration0.2 µm final filters, or ultrafiltration for endotoxin control ahead of WFI generation.
7. Storage and distribution loopSS316L orbital-welded loop with sanitary fittings, sloped and dead-leg-free, hot-water or ozone sanitisable, with online conductivity and TOC monitoring.
8. WFI generationMulti-column distillation or membrane-based WFI (RO + UF + EDI) where permitted by pharmacopoeia.

Pharmaceuticals and biotech

Purified Water (PW), Highly Purified Water and WFI pre-treatment to USP, IP, EP and WHO GMP; validated systems with full documentation.

Electronics, semiconductor and solar

Ultrapure water (UPW) at 18.2 MΩ·cm with TOC, particle and silica control for wafer, PCB and cell rinsing.

Power and boilers

Demineralised and polished boiler feed for high-pressure boilers, HRSGs and turbines; condensate polishing.

Laboratories and hospitals

Type I / II / III reagent water for analytical labs; dialysis-grade water for haemodialysis units.

Food, beverage and cosmetics

Low-TDS process water for beverages, ingredient water and product formulation.

Automotive and surface finishing

DI water for paint shops, e-coat, plating rinses and battery manufacturing.

Inlet characterisation and sampling plan → process selection and mass balance → PFD, P&ID, hydraulic and equipment sizing → civil and mechanical drawings → BOQ, vendor RFQs and procurement → erection supervision → commissioning, performance guarantee test and operator training → operation & maintenance. Delivered as a containerised or skid-mounted package for small and remote sites, or as a site-built turnkey plant for large capacities. Documentation to refinery-grade standards: datasheets, interlock lists, cause-and-effect matrices and O&M manuals your team can actually run the plant from.